Paris: One billion Africans have to cook on open fires or with fuel that is hazardous to their health and the environment, the International Energy Agency (IEA) said. The problem, which its report says can be easily solved, causes as much greenhouse gas emissions every year as the aviation industry.

According to Nam News Network, two billion people across the world still cook on open fires or with rudimentary stoves fed by wood, charcoal, agricultural waste, or manure, the IEA report found. This practice not only harms human health but also contributes to the destruction of forests, which are natural carbon sinks that help fight global warming.

The IEA estimates that 815,000 premature deaths occur each year in Africa alone due to poor indoor air quality, largely resulting from a lack of access to clean cooking methods. Women and children are particularly affected, spending hours each day searching for fuel and maintaining fires, which takes time away from paid employment or education.

A landmark IEA summit on the issue, held in Paris in May last year, raised $2.2 billion in public and private sector commitments, as well as political pledges from 12 African governments. Since then, $470 million has been distributed, with concrete results already being seen, such as a stove factory under construction in Malawi and an affordable stove program developed in Uganda and Ivory Coast.

The IEA report assesses the progress made a year after the summit and sets out a roadmap for African countries to be able to use clean cooking methods at low cost before 2040. Since 2010, nearly 1.5 billion people in Asia and Latin America, particularly in Brazil, India, and Indonesia, have gained access to modern cooking stoves and fuels. However, the challenge remains immense in sub-Saharan Africa, where the number of people without access to clean cooking methods continues to grow.

For once and forever, this problem can be solved with an annual investment of $2 billion per year, IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol said. He emphasized that this figure is about 0.1 percent of global energy investment, which is minimal. Alternative solutions are well known: electricity from solar panels, renewable gas, and especially liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), a fossil fuel, which, while not ideal, is preferable to the loss of carbon sinks due to tree felling.

The IEA stated that this initiative would prevent 4.7 million premature deaths in sub-Saharan Africa by 2040 and reduce the continent’s greenhouse gas emissions by 540 million tons per year, equivalent to the annual emissions of the global aviation sector.